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Bird sculptures made from prepared cores found with Levallois technique points and flakes at Flint Ridge, Ohio, requiring an explanation of Eurasian Mode III stone tool technology in the North American context

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Bird figure in flint, Muskingum County, Ohio

Side 2 of the bird figure

The bird has a patch of quartz crystals on its head, like a sparkling crest, the only crystals on the piece. There is also an "eye" on the bird, increasing the chances of human intent to create the figure.


Patch of crystals catches the light

The bird perched in my hand

Two bird figures found 5 miles from each other, along Flint Ridge in east central Ohio demonstrate similar morphology. This indicates the creation of figures may have been widely practiced at Flint Ridge in prehistory. The bird figure at right was featured in an earlier post.

Levallois technology bird sculptures

The two bird figures are very close in size. They are sculpted in core preparation and then separated using Levallois technique, leaving a 3D type bird and a "flat" bird on the side detached from the core. 

Muskingum County, Ohio, Levallois technique flake centered on a lighter colored stone inclusion has visible use wear

Ohio Levallois point has use wear on its edge

Levallois flake with use wear, Vanport flint, Flint Ridge, Ohio

Two different artifacts pictured here

Levallois point at left has a patch of quartz crystals on the left side in the picture here, just like the patch of crystals on the bird figure's head. At right is a lamellar blade which exhibits use wear

Classic Levallois technique flake requires explanation in the North American context. It has been described from three sites on this blog producing suspected portable rock art objects, each on the former margin of the Wisconsinin period glaciation. 


Interpreted by Ken Johnston as a type of Mode 3 Mousterian handaxe from Muskingum County, Ohio. Often mistaken as "just flint cores" this is an ergonomically designed and manufactured tool in its own right. In the photo at right, the blade of the tool is seen on the left edge. The flat side of such tools may have been slid along larger animal flesh to remove hides and fur. The left edge here exhibits use wear.

Handaxe is designed to fit the contours of the hand much like a contemporary computer mouse. It resembles a turtle carapice.

The thumb would normally be placed on the side of the handaxe and used to propel the blade edge away from one's body during hide removal. The removal of the side for a thumb pad was the final step of manufacture of the hand axe.

Thumb to be placed on top surface as pictured here, large mammal flesh in contact with side pictured here, curved edge on bottom pictured here separates hide from flesh.

From Europe: A Mousterian flake created by the Levallois Technique (left) and a Mousterian hand axe (right). Both approximately 100,000 years old. This Mousterian handaxe also resembles a turtle carapice.

Levallois technique illustrated
Attribution: José-Manuel Benito Álvarez

-kbj

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